Chemical composition of bile. Percentages represent ratio to total solute concentration (mg/ml). Adapted from [19].

There are trillions of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, and we are starting to learn more about the exact mechanisms ...

This higher risk is often attributed to several factors: Hormonal Influences: Women’s reproductive hormones, such as estrogen ...

Imbalances in bile components, like cholesterol and bilirubin, cause their formation. This happens when excessive amounts ...

Consequently, bile-acid transporters — the expression of which are predominantly controlled at the transcriptional level — are vital components in mediating the cycling and homeostasis of bile ...

Bacteria naturally present in the human intestine, known as the gut microbiota, can transform cholesterol-derived bile acids ...