Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a significant clinical condition characterised by the narrowing of the carotid arteries, which can lead to reduced cerebral blood flow and an increased risk of stroke.
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is common among patients with atherosclerosis, and is found in 20–30% of individuals who undergo diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Renal artery duplex ultrasonography is ...
Improvements in medical therapy, carotid-artery stenting, and carotid endarterectomy call into question the preferred ...