§CQ.1 THE FIRST GREAT ADVANCE in algebra after the Middle Ages was the general solution of the cubic equation, immediately followed by a solution for the quartic. I tell the full story in the next ...

Principal stresses are defined as the maximum and minimum normal stresses in a plane. Principal stresses are perpendicular to each other and oriented such that shear stresses are zero. For 3D stress ...

Given any cubic or quartic equation with real coefficients, it can be transformed by a change of variable into a standard form, and thus solved by means of a double-sided scale (Fig. 1) in the case of ...

A new, simple form of a cubic equation of state (EOS) has been developed in a recent study. A comparison to experimental data and other cubic equations of state show that the new EOS is more accurate.