Background: Sacral neuromodulation operations have usually been performed based on 2D fluoro images. However, sacral nerve stimulation lead implantation may be challenging when the normal anatomy is ...

What is the anatomy of the spinal cord? The human spinal cord is a cylindrical structure of nerve tissue that is protected by the spinal column and composed of uniformly organized white and grey ...

How Does a Hypogastric Plexus Block Work? The hypogastric plexus is made up of various nerves positioned at your fifth lumbar and first sacral vertebrae in your spine. It is found on the lower part of ...

A network of intersecting nerves is referred to as a nerve plexus. Nerves that serve the same part of the body merge into one large nerve or group of nerves via a plexus. The sacral plexus provides ...

Evidence-based recommendations on epiduroscopic lumbar discectomy through the sacral hiatus for sciatica in adults. This involves removing the part of the spinal disc pressing against the spinal nerve ...

The lateral sacral arteries are among the arteries of the lower back. They have spinal branches, which supply blood to the sacral nerve rootlets, adjacent muscles, meninges, and sacrum. These arteries ...

Sacral neuromodulation, which is also called interstim, acts to provide a small amount of electrical stimulation to the nerves that run through the tailbone (sacrum) to the bladder. For reasons we do ...

The tough outer cover of a disc is called the annulus. It can sometimes weaken or tear, allowing the soft centre to bulge through. This is called herniation, also known as a 'slipped disc'. If it ...