According to the ARTI study results, primary-only chilled-water systems reduced the total annual plant energy by 3 percent to 8 percent, first cost by 4 percent to 8 percent, and life-cycle cost by 3 ...

SOOs for establishing an overall design intent for the BAS programmers could be: a) The chillers are staged based on secondary chilled water system flow rate; b) When the system is enabled, the ...

While the upfront cost of a chilled water system can be higher, the great energy efficiency and lower maintenance costs usually compensate. With temperatures rising in data halls to save energy, this ...

The Kalamazoo Water Reclamation Plant is a Regional Advanced Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant with multiple major treatment processes, including preliminary, primary, secondary, and ...