When you thrust a shovel into the soil or tear off a piece of coral ... In any habitat, on the ground, in the forest canopy, or in the water, your eye is first caught by the big animals—birds ...

as well as increased soil temperatures that result from warming of the ground once the forest canopy has been removed. Although this soil carbon loss has contributed to increased CO 2 levels in ...

That means that changes in things like structure, composition and soil nitrogen are ... managing forests means manipulating structure (above and below ground), composition (plants and microbes ...