Say we consider a beam made up of thin layers (laminae) aligned with the longitudinal axis of the beam, and for which the laminae can slide with respect to each other along the longitudinal axis as ...

shearing stresses must be present. With this definition of a fluid, we can recognize that certain materials that look like solids are actually fluids. Tar, for example, is sold in barrel-sized chunks ...

This shear force is directly responsible for the shear stress τ on the x-face of a stress element at “a” in the positive y-direction. In class, we have used the Euler-Bernoulli theory of beams to ...