In the West, the Cultural Revolution has become a rhetorical bogyman to ward off ideological excesses on university campuses, an analogy that suffers from the fact that the Cultural Revolution was top ...

Liu Shaoqi, a future president of China, noted that 70 percent casualties were due to human mistakes and only 30 percent by natural causes.

In the violence and chaos that followed, many leaders, such as president Liu Shaoqi and CPC general secretary Deng Xiaoping, were purged, while others -- including Mr Xi's own father, vice-premier ...

By Yasheng Huang, a professor of global economics and management at the MIT Sloan School of Management and the author of The Rise and Fall of the EAST: How Exams, Autocracy, Stability, and ...

For evidence, consider Mr Xi’s praise for Liu Shaoqi, China’s one-time president and a man whom Mao came to loathe as, in Professor Walder’s words, “the head of the deep state”.

Yebaw Htay and H. N. Goshal were equated as "Burma's Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqi". It was reported that racist racial slurs were used against H. N. Goshal (since he is a Bengali) while he was ...

RUWITCH: Mao Zedong's first choice to follow in his footsteps was state President Liu Shaoqi. But he had second thoughts and purged him in the Cultural Revolution. Liu died in a prison cell in 1969.

Liu Shaoqi, a veteran in the struggle for communism in China and longtime comrade of Mao Zedong, became a victim of the Cultural Revolution in the mid-1960s and was purged by the Red Guards.

Liu Shaoqi, who was president during the Mao era, called it the “most thorough reform in thousands of years of Chinese history”. Hundreds of thousands of landlords were murdered.

While party officials such as Peng Zhen, Luo Ruiqing, Lu Dingyi, Yang Shangkun and Deng Xiaoping were purged, Peng and Liu Shaoqi both turned up dead, and the rest of the grandees got with the ...

Rosenfeld (center) with Liu Shaoqi on the left and Chen Yi on the right Extraordinary friendships are often forged in tough times.

Under the guidance of Liu Shaoqi or similar figure, China would likely not have embarked on such a risky, dangerous course towards modernization, and millions might have lived.