Life's instructions are written in DNA, but it is the enzyme RNA polymerase II (Pol II) that reads the script, transcribing ...

As microscopy tools get better and better, scientists have been able to visualize structures on a smaller and smaller scale. Researchers have now been able to capture an enzyme called RNA polymerase ...

A new study led by Prof. Yosef Buganim from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Dr. Abdenour Soufi from the University of Edinburgh reveals how transcription factors (TFs)—key proteins that ...

DNA, the long polymer curled up inside our cells, is often described as the instructions for life. But those instructions are stored in DNA’s chemical code, and reading that code requires the ...

Technologies such as DNA microarrays, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) have enabled comprehensive analyses of transcription factor-target genes. By ...

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information. It was first described by Francis Crick in 1956 as one-way traffic: as: "DNA makes RNA and RNA makes protein." A ...

Cells are regularly faced with environmental stresses that may damage or destroy them. To survive, they quickly adjust their ...

Gln synthetase (GS) catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of ammonia with glutamate to yield Gln. In higher plants GS is an octameric enzyme and the subunits are encoded by members of a small ...