and point defects such as dilute impurities (e.g., dopants) or vacancy/interstitial defects. Vacancy-type point defects, i.e., defects where one or several atoms are missing from a lattice site, are ...

Defect states refer to electronic energy levels that arise from imperfections or irregularities in the crystal structure of materials, particularly in semiconductors and insulators. These ...

What are Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) Centers? Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are atomic-scale defects in the lattice structure of diamond. They consist of a substitutional nitrogen atom adjacent to a vacant ...