In the West, the Cultural Revolution has become a rhetorical bogyman to ward off ideological excesses on university campuses, an analogy that suffers from the fact that the Cultural Revolution was top ...

Liu Shaoqi, a future president of China, noted that 70 percent casualties were due to human mistakes and only 30 percent by natural causes. During the Cultural Revolution, ...

Liu Shaoqi, the one-time heir apparent to former Chinese leader Mao Zedong, died alone in 1969, buried under a fake name and wrapped in a rag. Within the next few years, ...

For evidence, consider Mr Xi’s praise for Liu Shaoqi, China’s one-time president and a man whom Mao came to loathe as, in Professor Walder’s words, “the head of the deep state”.

Out of his ignorance, Thakin Than Tun supported the fraction of fascistic bureaucratic gang of four in China’s cultural revolution despite calling themselves communists. The life-long CPC leaders such ...

RUWITCH: Mao Zedong's first choice to follow in his footsteps was state President Liu Shaoqi. But he had second thoughts and purged him in the Cultural Revolution. Liu died in a prison cell in 1969.

Liu Shaoqi, a veteran in the struggle for communism in China and longtime comrade of Mao Zedong, became a victim of the Cultural Revolution in the mid-1960s and was purged by the Red Guards.

Liu Shaoqi, who was president during the Mao era, called it the “most thorough reform in thousands of years of Chinese history”. Hundreds of thousands of landlords were murdered.

While party officials such as Peng Zhen, Luo Ruiqing, Lu Dingyi, Yang Shangkun and Deng Xiaoping were purged, Peng and Liu Shaoqi both turned up dead, and the rest of the grandees got with the ...

Liu Shaoqi From left: Chinese top communist leaders Zhou Enlai, prime minister of the People’s Republic of China from its inception in 1949 until his death, Chen Yun, ...

Rosenfeld (center) with Liu Shaoqi on the left and Chen Yi on the right Extraordinary friendships are often forged in tough times.

Other major political players in 1949 included Peng Dehuai, senior PLA commander; Liu Shaoqi, a key theorist and administrator; Zhou Enlai, Mao’s long-time right-hand man; Lin Biao, another ...