Vertebrates (/ ˈvɜːrtəbrɪt, - ˌbreɪt /), [3] also called craniates, are animals with a vertebral column and a cranium. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the …

Dec 15, 2025 · Vertebrates are defined by having backbones, a muscular system with bilaterally paired masses, and a central nervous system partly enclosed within the backbone.

Thus, vertebrates refer to animals with a characteristic bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton known as the vertebral column, spine, or backbone. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and …

Jun 29, 2022 · There are five main groups of vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Vertebrates can be either cold-blooded (ectothermic) or warm-blooded …

Aug 14, 2025 · Vertebrates are a diverse group of animals found across nearly every environment on Earth, from fish in oceans to birds soaring above and mammals, including humans, on land.

Vertebrates, which include fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals, all share a vertebral column, or a chain of bony elements (vertebrae) that run along the dorsal surface from head to …

Mar 17, 2025 · Vertebrates are classified into five main groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, each with unique features and adaptations to their habitats. Vertebrates display …

Vertebrates are among the most recognizable organisms of the animal kingdom (Figure 1). More than 62,000 vertebrate species have been identified. The vertebrate species now living …

2 days ago · Vertebrates are animals characterized by the presence of a vertebral column (backbone) or notochord during some stage of development, protecting the central nervous …

Vertebrates are among the most complex and fascinating organisms on Earth. Characterized by their backbone or vertebral column, they belong to the subphylum Vertebrata within the …